What's the difference between Sodium-calcium glass and high borosilicate glass?

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Composition:

Sodium-calcium glass (Soda-Lime Glass) is a common type of glass composed mainly of silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O), and calcium oxide (CaO). It can also contain other oxides and impurities such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

High-borate silica glass (Borosilicate Glass) contains a higher proportion of boron trioxide (B2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). It typically also includes other oxides such as alkali metal oxides (e.g., sodium oxide or potassium oxide) and alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g., calcium oxide or magnesium oxide).

Physical properties:

Sodium-calcium glass has a higher refractive index and lower coefficient of thermal expansion, making it relatively transparent and easier to process and shape. However, its chemical stability is lower, and it is susceptible to erosion by acids, alkalis, and other chemical substances.

High-borate silica glass has a lower refractive index and smaller coefficient of thermal expansion. It is more heat-resistant and can withstand higher temperature variations without breaking. Additionally, high-borate silica glass has good chemical stability and higher resistance to many chemicals.

Applications:

Sodium-calcium glass is one of the most common types of glass and finds wide applications in the construction industry, container packaging, windows, flat-panel displays, etc. It is also commonly used for glassware and tableware.

Due to its heat resistance and chemical stability, high-borate silica glass is commonly used in laboratory instruments, chemical reaction vessels, optical instruments, lighting equipment, solar water heaters, and other applications that require resistance to high temperatures and chemical corrosion.